How to choose a stud bolt grade
Grade selection follows the service condition, not the price list. ASTM A193 B7 is the default for general high-pressure, high-temperature flange bolting to roughly 400 to 500 C. Where wet H2S is present, NACE MR0175 / ISO 15156 requires the hardness-controlled B7M, which trades about 20 percent of the strength for resistance to sulphide stress cracking. Below minus 29 C the material must be Charpy impact tested, which means ASTM A320 L7, L7M or L43. For sustained high temperature above about 450 C, ASTM A193 B16 adds vanadium to resist creep relaxation. Where corrosion rather than load governs, move to stainless B8 or B8M, then to duplex 2205 and super duplex 2507, then to nickel alloys such as Inconel 625, Inconel 718, Monel 400 and Incoloy 825.

